RADE PEJOVIĆ
Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, Fakultet primenjenih umetnosti, Odsek Primenjena umetnost i dizajn, Beograd, Srbija
rpejovic@politehnika.edu.rs
IVANA VELJOVIĆ
Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, Fakultet primenjenih umetnosti, Odsek Tekstil, Beograd, Srbija
ivfpudesign@gmail.com
IRENA ŽIVKOVIĆ
Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, Fakultet primenjenih umetnosti, Odsek Konzervacija i restauracija, Beograd, Srbija
irena.zivkovic@fpu.bg.ac.rs

TERMOHROMATSKE BOJE U PRIMENJENIM UMETNOSTIMA I DIZAJNU
THERMOCHROMIC INKS IN APPLIED ARTS AND DESIGN

Zbornik 15/2019 (Muzej primenjene umetnosti), strana 57-65

Kategorija članka: pregledni rad

UDK:
745/749.021.32
535.682:667-12

Apstrakt:
Rad predstavlja prikaz primene termohromatskih boja na različitim materijalima sa ciljem dobijanja tzv. pametnih materijala (engl. smart materials), primenjivih u savremenom dizajnu i primenjenim umetnostima. Prikazuje se složen dizajnerski metod inovativne nadogradnje tekstilnih i drugih materijala upotrebom termohromatskih boja u stvaranju nove estetske celine. Termohromatske boje karakteriše sposobnost da reaguju na toplotni izvor i menjaju svoju obojenost. Promena boje je povratna i može da utiče na vizuelnu teksturu materijala. Ovakav pristup je našao primenu u oblasti dizajna celuloznih tkanih i netkanih materijala, proizvoda od sintetskih polimernih materijala, keramičkih proizvoda i neorganskih stakala. Termohromatski optički kvalitet poboljšava performanse materijala zahvaljujući potencijalu da obezbedi dinamički odgovor na okruženje. U radu se prikazuje dinamika promena površine materijala uslovljena specifičnošću i reverzibilnošću boje u interakciji s korisnikom i njegovim okruženjem. Primena termohromatskih boja na prirodnoj koži uvodi nove kreativne mogućnosti zahvaljujući dinamičkim promenama. Dinamika promena omogućava drugačiju percepciju vizuelnih sadržaja i senzacija, mimo uobičajenih tumačenja boje i oblika. Jedinstveni senzorni kvaliteti materijala omogućavaju simuliranje različitih reakcija, čineći materijal složenom površinom sofisticirane strukture. Ova svojstva iniciraju nove kreativne pristupe u oblikovanju i korišćenju u interakciji sa okruženjem.

Ključne reči:
interakcija, pametni materijali, termohromatske boje

Summary:
This work presents the complex designer procedure of thermochromic ink application which is used for upgrade of textile and non-textile materials in the process of creation of new aesthetic unities with the aim to produce “smart materials”. Thermochromic inks are temperature sensitive materials that, while heated, change colour either from colourless to coloured state or from coloured to colourless, or from one tone to another. Inspired by the possibilities for development of new and creative designer directions with respect to interaction, responsibilities and ultimate functionality, artists and designers show an intensively growing interest in smart materials. This work presents several contemporary artists who use thermochromism in analysis of spectral reflexivity and sensory impressions which are the consequence of external stimuli.

Textile designers Linda Worbin, Joanna Berzowska and Maggie Orth study smart materials and interactive textiles. Within the projects, which have been analysed in this work, they develop methodologies for working with dynamic patterns on textiles equipped with smart systems. Experiments conducted by the mentioned authors aim both to explore expressive possibilities of fabrics in terms of colour dynamics and to develop innovative methods as well as their application possibilities when working with electronic textiles and reactive garments.

Design studio NunoErin (Nuno Goncalves Ferreira and Erin Hayne) and German architect Jürgen Mayer are interested in thermosensitive materials used in the field of furniture and interior design. One of the most interesting findings of NunoErin is the fact that thermochromic materials have both functional and therapeutic effect on children with special needs. Jürgen Mayer also involves the viewer, i.e. participant as a focal point of his work, placing him/her in the central part of his installations.

One of the materials that serve as the basis for observation of design and thermochromism in this work is the leather (being the substantial material). The wide scope of research and experimenting on upgrade of the leather surface using thermochromic inks represents a challenge in terms of art and technology, and indicates the elaborate design process in upgrade of the leather surface while forming the unique aesthetic unity.

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